EINSTEIN

REFUTED:

THE

RING LASER

GYROSCOPE

(1963)

The 1963 Proof of Principle Paper

In 1963, W.M. Macek and D.T.M. Davis, Jr. of the Sperry Gyroscope Company (Division of Sperry Rand Corporation) published a paper1 demonstrating the efficacy of using traveling-wave ring lasers for highly sensitive rotation rate sensing based on the classical experiments of Michelson–Gale–Pearson and Sagnac. That paper became the basis for the ring laser gyroscope mentioned on our web page titled, Einstein Refuted: The Sagnac Experiment (1913). The relevant points from that paper are as follows, beginning with a summary statement:

The sensing of rotation rate with respect to an inertial frame of reference has been demonstrated using a cw [continuous wave] He-Ne gas traveling-wave ring laser, shown schematically in Fig. 1.2 [Not shown here.] […]

Macek and Davis subsequently describe the frequency splitting arrangement and its inherently high sensitivity:

The frequency splitting arises from the removal of the mode degeneracy existing for the two oppositely traveling waves, due to the differential cavity path-length change produced by the rotation. The resulting mode splitting is therefore proportional in frequency to the angular velocity. The limits of rotation detection are currently set by equipment and techniques and are not the physical limits of the rotation rate sensing effect.3 […]

The present experiment improves, by orders of magnitude, the sensitivity of the classical experiments of Michelson-Gale1 [4] and Sagnac2 [5] where the effects of rotation on the propagation of light were studied by a modified two-beam interferometer arrangement.6 […]

After describing additional technical details of their experimental design, Macek and Davis provide the following summary statement with respect to their instrument’s sensitivity:

Basically, the improved sensitivity of the present experiment arises because optical heterodyning techniques and laser coherence allow the direct measurement of frequency differences to the order of \(1:10^{12}\).7 […]

Macek and Davis conclude by pointing out the efficacy of the principle therein in terms of the wide range of angular velocity measurement and independence from external references:

The principle demonstrated in this experiment may be utilized for rotation rate measurement with high sensitivity over an extremely wide range of angular velocities. Such sensors would be self-contained, requiring no external references.8

A Current (2022) Application

The existence of the aether (confirmed by Michelson–Gale–Pearson and Sagnac) was the scientifically definitive basis of the major technological advancement in aviation navigation achieved by Macek and Davis at Sperry Gyroscope Company. Today, Honeywell’s further development and commercial application of that technological advancement upholds aviation safety and navigational efficacy worldwide.

The following is excerpted from Honeywell’s website describing the GG1320AN Digital Ring Laser Gyroscope:9

[…]

Today, Honeywell’s GG1320 digital ring laser gyro (RLG) is the industry standard for precision rotation measurement. […]

The principle of operation of [an] RLG is two counter-propagating laser beams having different frequencies with the difference dependent on rotation rate. Measurement of this difference provides the rotation angle or rotation rate about the RLG’s sensitive axis. Honeywell’s GG1320 RLG has demonstrated capability of measuring an arc-second[10] of rotation.

Notwithstanding that the theory of relativity is premised on the absence of an aether, it is still not officially or widely discredited in academia. Nevertheless, whereas the ring laser gyroscope can only function in the presence of an aether, the theory of relativity is empirically refuted thousands of times every day in the aviation industry and elswhere without anyone ever saying a word.


— FINIS —


  1. W. M. Macek and D. T. M. Davis, Jr., “Rotation rate sensing with traveling-wave ring lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 2, 67 (1963).↩️

  2. Ibid., p. 67.↩️

  3. Ibid.↩️

  4. A.A. Michelson and G.H. Gale, Astrophys. J. 61, 140 (1945) [sic]. [The citation by Macek and Davis contains the wrong year of publication. The correct year of publication is 1925, the full citation being: A.A. Michelson and Henry G. Gale (assisted by Fred Pearson), “The Effect of the Earth’s Rotation on the Velocity of Light” (Part II), The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. LXI, No. 3 (April 1925), pp. 140–145.]↩️

  5. G. Sagnac, Compt. Rend. 157, 708 (1913) [Cited elsewhere on this website, the full citation being: Georges Sagnac, “L’éther lumineux démontré par l’effet du vent relatif d’éther dans un interféromètre en rotation uniforme,” Note de M.G. Sagnac, présentée par M.E. Bouty (“The luminiferous ether demonstrated by the effect of the relative motion of the ether in an interferometer in uniform rotation,” Note from M.G. Sagnac, presented by M.E. Bouty), Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des Sciences, 157 (17), 27 October 1913, pp. 708–710.]; J. de Physique 4, ser 5, 177 (1921) [sic]. [The citation by Macek and Davis contains the wrong year of publication. The correct year of publication is 1914, as cited elswhere on this website, the full citation being: Georges Sagnac, “Effet tourbillonnaire optique. La circulation de l’éther lumineux dans un interférographe tournant” (“Optical swirling effect. The circulation of luminous ether in a rotating interferometer”), Journal de Physique Théorique et Appliquée, 5e série, t. IV. (Mars 1914.), pp. 177–195.]↩️

  6. W.M. Macek and D.T.M. Davis, Jr., op. cit., pp. 67–68.↩️

  7. Ibid., p. 68.↩️

  8. Ibid.↩️

  9. See https://aerospace.honeywell.com/us/en/learn/products/sensors/gg1320an-digital-ring-laser-gyroscope.↩️

  10. The reader should note that whereas one arc-second is equal to \(1/3600\) of a degree or \(1/1296000\) of a full circle, the Honeywell GG1320 RLG is an exceedingly precise instrument.↩️


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